Revisiting hydro-hegemony from a benefitsharing perspective: the case Afraid that a drought might appear during the filling period, Egypt wants the filling to take place over a much longer period. The drying up of this in Central Asia has been called the worlds worst environmental catastrophe. Poverty alleviation, which is a major concern for all Nile Basin countries, could form the basis of a cooperative arrangement between all the Niles riparians. Another impressive snippet of information is that the Government of Ethiopia is financing the entire project, along with loans mainly from China. It could be a treaty or merely a political declaration as the name implies. The colonial powers have departed and so to continue to enforce treaties agreed based around their interests would be irrational. It provides clear benefits to all three riparian, such as flood control, reduced flood damages and sediment control. However, the DoP lacks these key traits, and these omissions suggest that it may simply be a non-binding declaration designed to ease political tensions and to illuminate a way forward. Already, on June 19, 2020, Egyptian authorities called upon the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to intervene after tripartite talks had failed to secure an agreement on the filling schedule for the GERD. The current filling which is ongoing since early July 2021 has presented no issues as well. Ethiopia has two major plans for these rivers, which both flow into Somalia, in the form of the Wabe Shebelle and the Genale Dawa power plants. Disadvantages Slow process Could be washed to the wrong direction Start up costs Lesson 4: Long term investment, It can't cope with he propagation rate of water hyacinth. Trilateral talks between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan to finalise an agreement on a cooperation framework for the GERD have been mediated by the African Union, World Bank and United States. For a decade, Egypt and Ethiopia have been at a diplomatic stalemate over the Nile's management. The dispute escalated in 2011 when Ethiopia began construction of a major new dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), in the absence of any agreement with downstream Egypt. Disadvantages of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam jobs Egypt Forced to Negotiate on Nile Dam. Indeed, Egypt has called the filling of the dam an existential threat, as it fears the dam will negatively impact the countrys water supplies. Practically from the outset, the World Bank and international donors withdrew funding due to a lack of transparency, driven home when it was learned that the construction had begun without a permit from the Environmental Protection Agency in Ethiopia. In turn, Egypt water policy and management should be changes or modified to overcome the great challenges. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - jpl.nasa.gov Crucially, however, neither Egypt nor Ethiopia are parties to the Watercourses Convention and so they are not bound by its terms. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is estimated to cost close to 5 billion US dollars, about 7% of the 2016 Ethiopian gross national product. In contrast, other watercourse states on the Nile have lent their support to the Dam. Security implications of growing water scarcity in Egypt. This article considers water security in the context of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (the Dam). This dam, set to be the largest in Africa in terms of power capacity, continues to cause disagreement between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt on filling and operation strategies. In general, the Ethiopian development philosophy rests on two pillars: mega-dams and mega-agricultural projects. However, another trend stresses the need to approach the question from a broader and more holistic perspective. With regard to the mega-dams, the Gilgel Gibe III Dam and the GERD speak volumes on the substance of Zenawis political ideology. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) constitutes a real crisis for the Egyptian regime, where Ethiopia several times blamed Egypt for the failure of negotiations conducted between Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia on the dam. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 79-110. When it is completed, with its concrete volume of 10.2 million m3, GERD will feature the largest dam in Africa. It's very unpredictable and it can be very dangerous," says Pottinger. It also created a counter message to Egypts powerful the Nile is Egypt narrative that is familiar around the world. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a 6000 MW hydropower project on the Blue Nile, which the Ethiopian government plans to build to fulfill the country's energy needs. This antipathy is not new, with Munzinger noting even in the nineteenth century that Ethiopia is a danger for Egypt [which] must either take over Ethiopia and Islamize it or, retain it in anarchy and misery. Still, the Dam brings the old enmity into sharp focus. Despite the controversy and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam's effect on Egypt and Sudan, it appears that the Ethiopian government will continue to move forward with filling the dam. The controversy over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Brookings Kandeel, A. Nile Basins GERD dispute creates risks for Egypt, Sudan, and beyond. Rendering of GERDEthiopia is building one of the largest dams in the world, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), on the River Nile near the Sudan border. What are the disadvantages of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam But with a generation capacity of 6.45GW, the Ethiopian government quoted the project as vital to the country's economic growth. Disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) per year, that would constitute a drought and, according to Egypt and Sudan, Ethiopia would have to release some of the water in the dams reservoir to deal with the drought. Why is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam contentious? A Grand New Dam on the Nile - NASA when did construction of the dam begin? Ethiopia's determination to build a major new dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), for hydropower purposes has been the flashpoint of current conflicts in the Eastern Nile Basin (Gebreluel, 2014). On 5 July 2021, Ethiopia informed Egypt and Sudan that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia is undergoing its second filling. However, by far the largest of these projects is the GERD, which was announced in 2010 and work on which was launched in 2011 by means of a nationwide fundraiser in which Ethiopian civil servants were reportedly obliged to volunteer a months salary to invest in GERD bonds. Whittington, D. et al. More alarmingly, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak allegedly even considered bombing the Dam. Given agricultures importance to pro-poor economic growth, Egypt, which has significant experience and expertise in irrigation agriculture, can share some of that expertise with other countries in exchange for increased trade with them. Egypt has issued a public statement to that effect. But the project has caused concern. The official narrative is that Ethiopia can uproot poverty and bring about a definitive end to social and economic underdevelopment by means of the construction of a series of mega-dams combined with the development of the national energy infrastructure. "Today as you see behind me . Owned and operated by the Ethiopian Electric Power company, the 145-m-tall roller-compacted concrete gravity dam . Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, Ethiopia - Webuild Project Although the case has been dropped, the organisations work focused international attention on the dams potential detrimental impacts on the lakes habitat. Who Is Financing Ethiopia's Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam? Furthermore, resolving conflicts involving the Nile River is most likely to be more successful through improvements in relations between the riparians and not through external intervention. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of cooperation or - USGS This agreement could pave the way for a more detailed cooperation framework, and represents a major step toward dispute resolution. If the relevant parties can agree to these goals, the agreement, in the end, will need to include technical language that ensures equitable sharing of the Nile. Similarly, in 2018, the UNSC noted the water security risks in African nations such as Somalia, Sudan and Mali. Water scarcity is a growing problem. It can help the riparian states outline principles, rights, and obligations for cooperative management of the resources of the Nile. The Washington Quarterly, 37(2), 25-37. Egypt has taken various efforts in a bid to secure its water security in the context of the Nile River. Still, Egypt may be playing with fire if it were to press the legal significance of the DoP. (2014). "I came to Cairo on my first official trip to the region to hear . l located on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia . General view of the talks on Hidase Dam, built on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia, between Sudan and Egypt in Khartoum, Sudan on October 04, 2019. - Ethiopia's massive. Ethiopia and Sudan are currently developing and implementing water infrastructure developments unilaterally - as Egypt has done in the past and continues to do. Ethiopia: The Untold Story of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Ethiopia, with a population of more than 115 million people and Projected to be 230 million by 2050. Alaa al-Zawahiri, a member of the Egyptian National Panel of Experts studying the effects of the Renaissance Dam, believes as much. Created by. This has now changed due to political consolidation over the past two decades and the advent of alternative sources of external finance (to the traditional multilateral development banks), not least from China (Gebreluel, 2014;IDS, 2013). The unilateral decision taken by Ethiopia - which never recognised the 1959 agreement but had previously not been able to challenge it in fact - to build the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in 2011 represents a major political challenge to the 1959 Agreement. A Tripartite National Committee (TNC), consisting of national experts from Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, was constituted in order to determine principles of cooperation. This paper discusses the challenges and benefits of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is under construction and expected to be operational on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia in a few years. A major reason the GERD is so controversial today is that it has not been subjected to thorough safety and impact studies, which could pose a grave threat to downriver nations. Most recently, there have been suggestions that the African Union should resolve the disagreement. Link, P.M. et al. Given these considerations, it seems that Ethiopia has all but won the dispute. Review a brief history of copyright in the United States. Thus, as with the Watercourses Convention and the CFA, the DoP does not offer a clear legal resolution to the dispute. The Ethiopian government has always availed itself of its power to transfer local populations off land it decides to declare a public resource. What is your opinion on Ethiopia's chances of completing the "Great Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: Ending Africa's Oldest Geopolitical Rivalry? Faced with the anachronistic Nile Waters Treaties on the one hand and the absence of a suitable replacement on the other, discussions about the Dam have fallen into something of a stalemate. Monday January 2, 2017. Ethiopia should get its fair share of water that originates in Ethiopia. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. The Political Deadlock on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Ethiopia announced in April 2011 that it intends to build four large dams on the Nile, including one of the largest in the world, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (formerly known as Project X or the Grand Millennium Dam).This huge dam will flood 1,680 square kilometers of forest in northwest Ethiopia, near the Sudan border, and create a reservoir that is nearly twice as large as Lake Tana . Ethiopia has never 'consumed' significant shares of the Nile's water so far, as its previous political and economic fragility in combination with a lack of external financial support, due to persistent Egyptian opposition to projects upstream, prevented it from implementing large-scale projects. Finally, Ethiopia could make a strong case that the operation of the Dam is in alignment with the core principles of international water law, namely equitable utilisation and no significant harm. These are found in Articles 5 and 7 of the Water Courses Convention respectively and, despite the scepticism outlined above, arguably form part of customary international law. According to Baradei, hydropower dams create immense turbulence in the water, where chemical reactions such as dissolved oxygen can destroy fauna and flora. Typically, treaties contain provisions on the identification and function of the depositary, entry into force, adoption and so on (Article 24(4) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)). (PDF) Benefit of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project (GERDP) for The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. In particular, the DoP takes a very strict approach to the no significant harm rule. Indeed, Principle II notes that the purpose of the [Dam] is for power generation and regional integration through generation of sustainable and reliable clean energy supply. This is crucial given that hydroelectricity generation simply involves holding water back behind a dam for a period of time, and then releasing it again in a managed manner so that the electric turbines can spin consistently.
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